Science
Unit 1, bonding, periodic table and nomenclature
In this episode, we explore the fundamental concepts of chemistry, focusing on the periodic table, bonding types, and nomenclature. Listeners will gain insights into ionic and molecular compounds, as ...
Unit 1, bonding, periodic table and nomenclature
Science •
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Interactive Transcript
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When you think of chemistry, what are the first things that come to mind?
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For me, the very first thing I think of is like a mad scientist and the periodic table.
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This is probably the first thing that comes to mind when I hear about chemistry because,
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you know, the periodic table is needed for everything, since it has almost all you need to know about
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the elements. Information that we can gather just by looking at the periodic table is the atomic
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number, chemical symbol, atomic mass, and the chemical's properties. While we are investigating
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our way around the periodic table, we can also see groups starting from the left side of the table
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and going all the way over to the right. These groups aren't ordered by their chemical
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properties and characteristics, such as if the chemical is dull or even if it's shiny.
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First is group one, and this is commonly called the alkaline metals, and these are shiny, soft,
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silvery metals that are highly reactive with water. Group two on the periodic table is referred
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to as the alkaline earth metals, and these exhibit metallic properties but are not as reactive or
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soft as group one. As we go across to the right side, we are met by group 17. These are also known
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as the halogens. These exist as diatomic molecules and will bond to themselves and are also highly reactive.
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Finally, we have group 18, the noble gases. They bond to themselves and are happy with being alone,
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and they are not reactive. The reason I'm going over the periodic table with you is because it is a
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base for almost all other chemistry topics, such as bonding. It is important to know which elements
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are metals and non-metals when it comes to knowing which bonds are even being formed.
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There are two types of major compounds I can form. One of them being ionic compounds and they form
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ionic bonds, as well as molecular compounds that form covalent bonds. Now, let's quickly go over
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what ionic compounds are. Ionic compounds form when one or more valence electrons move from a
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metal atom to a non-metal atom. Since the metal becomes a cation, which is positively charged,
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is attracted to the non-metal anion, which is negatively charged, and they come together to form an
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ionic bond. When it comes to understanding the concept of ionic bonding, we can draw a Lewis
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symbol, which helps us to see the electrons transferring from the metal to the non-metal. These
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drawings easily show us how the elements become charged and how many electrons they may lose,
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or they may gain in the process. Moving on from ionic compounds, let's dive a little deeper
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into what's called a molecular compound.
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There's molecular elements which consist of two or more atoms of the same element, such as P4,
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or phosphorus 4. There's also molecular compounds which have molecules made up of two or more
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atoms of different elements, such as H2O, which is also commonly known as water. We also have to
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make sure we don't forget about the diatomic molecules that are made up of two atoms, like CO,
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along with polyatomic molecules that are made up of more than two atoms, such as P4 again.
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Molecular bonds are much different from ionic bonds, because molecular bonds consist of two or more
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non-metal atoms forming a stable and filled energy level. They also do not conduct electricity.
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Ionic bonds are more different than molecular bonds, but not just because one consists of a metal
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bonding with a non-metal, while the other consists of just two non-metals bonding.
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Another concept that separates these two is how they are named, and this is done by using
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Nomenclature.
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When we name molecular compounds, we use prefixes in front of the elements to show how many
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atoms are present in each element. The first prefix is mono, and we usually just say
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see it to that prefix on the first element, but we'll add it to the elements after that, if it is necessary.
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The rest of the prefix are as followed. Die, try, tetra, pentah, hexaheptah, octah, nona, and deca.
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These prefixes start at one which is mono, and then go up to ten which is deca.
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An example of naming a molecular compound would be the compound N0. This will not be mono-nitrogen
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monoxide, because we exempt the mono from its first element, then we change the last elements
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ending to i, so it will be nitrogen monoxide.
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When we name ionic compounds, they are a tad bit different from molecular compounds because we
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do not use prefixes. We first name the cat ion, and then we follow up with the non-metal anion,
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but we only use the stem of this and replace the rest with i. Knowing this information from the
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very, very beginning will help us to figure out the rest of chemistry in just a breeze.
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Now, when we think of chemistry again, what comes to your mind? Is it the periodic table,
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group two maybe, or is it nomenclature or possibly even ionic bonds? Either way, we now
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don't only think of scientists and potions, but rather real world stuff such as Y-Sern
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elements bond to others or why it's named what it is. That's all for this TED Talk, but tune
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into the next puzzle piece to grade 11 academic science, where I will be telling you all the tips
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to balancing equations using a PowerPoint.