Equine Biosecurity: What Every Owner Should Know

Interactive Transcript

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spk_0 Welcome to Ride IQ.

spk_0 This recording of Ask an Expert is episode 197 from Tuesday, July 8, 2025.

spk_0 This week's topic is Equine Biosacurity with Dr. Holly Helbig.

spk_0 A graduate of the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Helbig is a licensed

spk_0 F.E.I. Veterinarian, accomplished rider and trainer and has served as the official veterinarian

spk_0 at top competitions, including the World Equestrian Center, the Kentucky Horse Park, and Brave

spk_0 Horse.

spk_0 In addition to her clinical work, Dr. Helbig is a veterinary technical advisor for Zoetis,

spk_0 supporting equine vets nationwide and contributing to innovative equine health solutions.

spk_0 In this episode, Dr. Helbig discusses the most common infectious diseases to watch for.

spk_0 Proactive steps horse owners can take to prevent outbreaks, and what to expect if an outbreak

spk_0 occurs at a competition.

spk_0 We hope you enjoy this episode.

spk_0 Hey everybody, welcome to Ask an Expert.

spk_0 I'm so excited to be joined by Dr. Holly Helbig tonight.

spk_0 We're talking about equine biosecurity.

spk_0 And to be honest, I googled equine biosecurity when we booked Holly because I didn't know exactly

spk_0 what biosecurity gets into and Holly's going to tell us all about that.

spk_0 If you're with me, that's great.

spk_0 If you're like, that's a silly thing to Google, that's great too because we're going

spk_0 to get into what is it and then all the nitty gritty too.

spk_0 So wherever you're at and your knowledge of equine biosecurity, this is for you.

spk_0 But first and foremost, Dr. Holly Helbig, thank you so much for taking the time to be here

spk_0 with us tonight.

spk_0 Thank you, Jess.

spk_0 It's so nice to meet you.

spk_0 And before we dive into what is equine biosecurity, tell us a little bit about yourself.

spk_0 And I know you own your own veterinarian practice, but you did not take the conventional route

spk_0 to get there.

spk_0 So tell us a little bit about yourself as a vet and as a rider and how you got to where

spk_0 you are today.

spk_0 Yeah, no problem.

spk_0 Yes, I have a very unique way of getting into vet med into the position that I am today.

spk_0 Believe it or not, out of college, I was a wedding planner for the Ritz Carlton up in Boston.

spk_0 I absolutely hated it and got into actually pharmaceutical sales where I fell in love

spk_0 with medicine.

spk_0 I had been riding 100 jumpers since I was a young girl, but was that kid that always had

spk_0 to work super hard, work extra jobs just to get to a good old horse show or mock stalls.

spk_0 It was one of those barn rats.

spk_0 And I fell in love with medicine and some people talked to me into going into vet school.

spk_0 So it took me two years of pre-rex of night class while working a full time job.

spk_0 And I applied to Ohio State and from Ohio and they let me in.

spk_0 I can't believe it.

spk_0 They let me in.

spk_0 And I spent four years there during vet school.

spk_0 I rode professionally and that's kind of what I did to make a little bit of money and

spk_0 help pay the bills along the way.

spk_0 When I graduated from vet school, I was so immersed in the horse show world in teaching and

spk_0 training, just trying to make a little bit of extra money that I decided to combine them.

spk_0 Which everyone always says, oh, that's impossible to do.

spk_0 There's not enough hours in the day.

spk_0 And I like to tell young women and gentlemen out there, if that's what your heart desires,

spk_0 you absolutely can do it.

spk_0 Just be prepared to spend a lot of hours in the day.

spk_0 So for about 12 years, I worked as the official horse show veterinarian for the World

spk_0 of Crestrian Center in Wilmington, Ohio.

spk_0 I also worked as the official vet for Kentucky horse shows.

spk_0 I did a little bit of work in Michigan, some FBI events.

spk_0 And then I also owned and operated a 100 jumper training facility with about 25 horses.

spk_0 And I kid you not, I'd be at the horse show riding professionally.

spk_0 I'd hear an emergency call, jump off, be in my riding clothes, my show clothes, and be

spk_0 palitating a horse two minutes later.

spk_0 So I kind of did it all a little bit.

spk_0 And I loved absolutely every single moment of it.

spk_0 And then about two years ago, I was approached by a company called Zoetis.

spk_0 It's the leading animal health company in the world.

spk_0 And essentially for them, it's kind of like consulting, right?

spk_0 So talking to other veterinarians about our products, I'm talking about adverse reactions,

spk_0 helping with research and development of new products that are out on the market.

spk_0 And a lot of my work is doing this, reaching out to horse owners and veterinarians about awareness.

spk_0 And biosecurity is something I'm passionate about.

spk_0 We had a little bit of an outbreak at one of the horse shows.

spk_0 I mean, so I kind of got pigeonholed into this, but it's something I lived through.

spk_0 So I love to share the story and talk about preventative care.

spk_0 Yeah, that is a wild ride to get to where you are today.

spk_0 And I'm so, it's just incredibly admirable that you continue kind of following your interest

spk_0 and following your heart.

spk_0 And even when it came to like being able to show and be a veterinarian and have your own

spk_0 practice and kind of do what you knew that was right for you and that you could do and

spk_0 work capable of.

spk_0 It's incredibly admirable.

spk_0 And I'm sure that when you were in vet school, you were sitting side by side people who

spk_0 had totally different, more traditional paths and you were still there doing it.

spk_0 And it's led you to where you are today, which is just inspiring.

spk_0 I find it inspiring.

spk_0 I'm sure that there are some people listening, whose wheels are turning because it's not

spk_0 too late to change your mind.

spk_0 And it's really cool to see how it's worked out for you.

spk_0 Yeah, I mean, there were, I wasn't the oldest.

spk_0 I was 29 when I went to school.

spk_0 There was a gentleman in there that was 50.

spk_0 There were a few people that had started families.

spk_0 So I love to share that message and I actually feel really fortunate that I went when I was

spk_0 a little bit older.

spk_0 I had a bit of history working in, you know, in corporate America and just again working

spk_0 in any type of work environment, right, is a whole new, lovely experience.

spk_0 So I was lucky to kind of have put that time in so that in vet school, I could really

spk_0 focus on veterinary medicine.

spk_0 So yeah, I love it.

spk_0 That makes a lot of sense.

spk_0 How cool?

spk_0 Well, let's get into it.

spk_0 Tell us what equine bioscurity is.

spk_0 Really bioscurity can go down so many paths.

spk_0 I'm so eager to hear all the questions that you have because bioscurity is everywhere.

spk_0 It starts at the farm at home and it carries through to horse shows.

spk_0 And the topic is all about preventing infectious disease and spread of disease among horses.

spk_0 I don't think we realize quite as much when we go to the horse show, how we are co mingling

spk_0 all of these different horses from so many different environments.

spk_0 And it's not only the risk at the horse show, but it's taking the horses back home.

spk_0 Or even if you're not involved with shows, if you go out trail riding, you know, are the

spk_0 other horses vaccinated?

spk_0 Are your horses properly vaccinated?

spk_0 And it's not only just about vaccines as far as preventative care.

spk_0 There are so many acts that we can do that are simple and smart to help keep our horses safe

spk_0 and to keep the horses at home safe as well.

spk_0 That's really interesting.

spk_0 And I'm sure as a horse show bet that was one of the things in the back of your mind having so many

spk_0 horses in one place that there's this possibility.

spk_0 And you were talking to me before we got on about how COVID kind of made the possibility

spk_0 more real for people.

spk_0 Yeah, I think I brought it to life, right?

spk_0 As a horse show bet, you know, you get the call that a horse has a fever or seems off is off

spk_0 food and, you know, not acting right.

spk_0 And you just always have that pit in the bottom of your stomach thinking, oh my gosh,

spk_0 is this herpes?

spk_0 Is this strangles?

spk_0 Something that would shut the horse show down and really affect all these horses and people's

spk_0 lives and people's livelihoods, right?

spk_0 Trainers, riders, owners.

spk_0 I think people weren't quite aware of it until COVID rolled around and people realized the

spk_0 impact that COVID had across the world.

spk_0 And in some sense, we need to think about that when we think about biosecurity with horses

spk_0 and how we can prevent horses have, there's a lot of disease states out there, right?

spk_0 How can we prevent those and make it so that the horse world is not on shutdown for,

spk_0 you know, a year to two years?

spk_0 Are the main diseases that you have in your mind when you're thinking about diseases that could

spk_0 spread amongst horses, especially in North America?

spk_0 You mentioned herpes, strangles, I think influenza is a big one.

spk_0 Are those kind of the big three that you're looking out for or is the list much longer than that?

spk_0 Yeah, the list even goes beyond that.

spk_0 So, Sam and Ella, coronavirus in horses shows up as a GI disease that can be highly contagious.

spk_0 So, we cover strangles. That's the big one, the big deadly one.

spk_0 There's a lot out there. Herpes is the one that people talk about the most because it can turn

spk_0 into a neurological form that can be quite, have a high mortality if it, you know, gets into that

spk_0 by remix date. There's many diseases out there that we're concerned about, but yes, I think you've

spk_0 hit the big respiratory ones that are most likely to be seen when we're coping with horses.

spk_0 And how common are these diseases in North America?

spk_0 Are any given time, are there always cases happening around the continent or is it like a big deal

spk_0 if a horse is found to have herpes anywhere or strangles anywhere?

spk_0 Yeah, so that's a pretty big topic. For the viewers out there, there's a really awesome website

spk_0 is EDCC, so the EQI and Disease Communication Center.

spk_0 And you can go in, log in, put your email in and they will send you notifications of

spk_0 outbreaks of different diseases. And that's across the country that doesn't go international.

spk_0 But if you were to go on that website, you will see there are active cases of strangles,

spk_0 herpes, influenza. We've recently had some EIA cases, a bundle of cases. And they are out there.

spk_0 I would say a lot of horse owners will go through life and maybe never see these diseases

spk_0 or even know that maybe their horse was affected by it because they're vaccinated and the signs

spk_0 are subclinical that they just didn't notice. But they are absolutely going on some more

spk_0 geographical than others, right? Because insects and different things are spreading diseases,

spk_0 right? But absolutely, it is going on, you know, herpes, there's been a lot of outbreaks in Europe

spk_0 that people talk about. And the other thing is that some of those diseases are reportable in

spk_0 some states, but not in others. So in the state of Ohio where I'm at, EHV1 or EQI and Herpes virus,

spk_0 the neurological form is reportable. And I believe strangles is reportable, but that's not every state.

spk_0 This could be going on in your backyard and you might not even know it.

spk_0 When it's not reportable in a state, what does that mean that just nobody is collecting the data?

spk_0 Yeah, so a reportable disease has to be turned into the state agricultural department,

spk_0 in which a state, every state has a state veterinarian that's assigned and they typically will come

spk_0 out and assess the property in the situation and help make biosecurity recommendations,

spk_0 for environmental recommendations. They will often put a quarantine down on a barn,

spk_0 so no horses coming and going until X, Y, and Z, you know, all the horses are clear,

spk_0 yep, negative tests, whatever, whatever that situation is, but they will help create a protocol

spk_0 that is in the best interest of the EQI community. And what would the reasoning be for a state having

spk_0 these infectious diseases not be reportable, just lack of funding to support the necessary

spk_0 activities that would have to go on? Yeah, actually don't know the answer to that. It might also be

spk_0 geographic, so, you know, maybe some states don't see certain infectious diseases as often as

spk_0 others. Quite honestly, don't know the answers to that, but I do know a state veterinarian,

spk_0 I could call an ass. Yeah, that's really interesting. Let's talk about some of these diseases,

spk_0 like the most common ones that are happening and that people are concerned about. So,

spk_0 EHB Herpes tell us what the symptoms are and what kind of not worst case scenario, but what we're

spk_0 worried about because of how it can transpire. Yeah, so EQI and Herpes virus as well as EQI

spk_0 influenza can be a little bit difficult to differentiate. Both of these will, the horses will

spk_0 usually present with nasal discharge, they'll be febrile, so horses fever or temperatures should

spk_0 be normally between 99 and 101.5, so, uh, germ above 101.5 would be considered febrile in a horse.

spk_0 Some of them can just be very subclinical, so just kind of off-feed, feeling a little bit punky,

spk_0 or just some nasal discharge. So, they usually, you know, they start out that way. EQI and Herpes can

spk_0 have a bifasic trend to it, meaning it can start off like a respiratory disease, become febrile,

spk_0 they can look a little bit better, and then they become febrile again. The biggest thing about both

spk_0 of these is that they're very contagious through nasal discharge, so, um, we were talking about this

spk_0 before we got on, but a horse's sneeze can actually go 50 yards, so that's half of a football field.

spk_0 So imagine you're at a horse show and you might feel protected, because there's a couple stalls

spk_0 between you and the next group of horses that came from another barn. If that horse is infected and

spk_0 sneezes, it can affect up to 50 yards distance in which those nasal droplets can, can carry, and

spk_0 that's pretty significant, especially for people that are doing shows or traveling in their indoor

spk_0 facilities, right? We have to be very, very careful with those, and quite honestly, the best thing that

spk_0 we can do, be vaccinating for EQI and Herpes and EQI and influenza every six months.

spk_0 Are you gonna talk about the country? Everyone in the country is vaccinating for those things every

spk_0 six months, or is it somewhat geographical? Yeah, so anyone who is going to any type of horse shows,

spk_0 or trail riding, or 4-H, or anything where they are going to come and go from another barn,

spk_0 every six months is recommended. I will say there are some barns where no horses come and go,

spk_0 in which some of those horses all vaccinate once a year, because they're not come mingling with

spk_0 anyone else, but even if you are stable, your horse is stable in a barn and you're not going

spk_0 anywhere, but your neighbor is going to and from horse shows, then the recommendation is still

spk_0 every six months for a vaccination. Got it. And just to tie a bow on EHB, how does that

spk_0 transpire? Like, what does it evolve into? Is it a fatal condition?

spk_0 Can be, and it's hard to really know who is going to experience neurologic symptoms, or

spk_0 abortion is really the other major side effect that we see, the EQI and Herpes virus.

spk_0 Some of them will go into a viremic state, and that is kind of that second phase where

spk_0 these horses become infected, and they typically will get secondary neurological signs.

spk_0 We do know that there is no vaccine for the neurological form of EHB. There are some studies out

spk_0 there showing that vaccinating for EHB1 and for will help prevent or decrease the clinical signs,

spk_0 if that horse were to become viremic and neurologic. And there's a little bit of conflicting

spk_0 information out there, but I do believe that by vaccinating them, if your horse were to be in that

spk_0 small population of horses that did become neurologic, that it would help to keep the neurological

spk_0 signs under better control. And the horses that become that are not vaccinated, that become very

spk_0 neurologic often can end up not making it, unfortunately. And for horses that don't have the neurologic

spk_0 symptoms, is it something they can recover fully from? Sure, sure. So, and not every neurological

spk_0 horse can't recover, it's just the ones that are unvaccinated or have really bad neurological

spk_0 symptoms are the ones that tend to not make it. But the ones that do not have a neurological form

spk_0 typically are febrile with respiratory disease, meaning cough, sneeze, typical respiratory symptoms,

spk_0 just like you and I have in the flu. And it's important that they get good,

spk_0 subterative care, right? Because we don't want that to turn into a secondary pneumonia,

spk_0 can also be deadly in some horses. But yes, they can recover. And I do believe that if they're

spk_0 vaccinated, have a much higher level of protection. And if they get that neurological form, that

spk_0 the signs are a lot less leading to a higher rate of survival. Okay, great. And then for not great.

spk_0 Yeah, not great. None of this is great. But no, understood. And for influenza, you mentioned that

spk_0 the signs are very similar to EHV. How does it, how does it start to differ in terms of how,

spk_0 like what influenza looks like and if and how it's treated? Yeah, so influenza has a lower mortality.

spk_0 They typically also have the same type of respiratory signs, cough, nasal discharge will become

spk_0 febrile. And when they become febrile, if they become quite contagious, the biggest thing with

spk_0 equine influenza is again, if they're not given good, subterative care, it can turn into a secondary

spk_0 pneumonia. Influenza is interesting. It attacks the trachea and the lung. You have all these little

spk_0 cilia that are there that are trying to clean everything out all the time, you know, to keep

spk_0 your lungs clean. And what it does, the virus attacks those little cilia that are that are trying

spk_0 to clean everything out, leading to, you know, a higher exposure to viruses, bacteria, therefore,

spk_0 potentially causing secondary pneumonia. I always tell horse owners for every day that that

spk_0 horse has a fever, that they should be out of work. Those horses that develop have influenza,

spk_0 often have long-term damage to to their trachea. It's a very thin, viable tissue. And they can

spk_0 often have exercise induced coughing that can go on for life. So I try to tell people that it's

spk_0 really important to rest them, even though influenza is not a high mortality, it typically die from

spk_0 influenza, especially if they're vaccinated, but it can put them out of work for weeks, weeks and

spk_0 weeks. So you're saying if a horse has a fever for, let's say, three days, they get three days, no

spk_0 work. They get three weeks, no work weeks. I was going to say that seems like. Yeah. So for every day

spk_0 they have a fever, they should take a week, a week of exercise and work. I mean, they can get

spk_0 be turned out in stuff, but we run out riding them or working them. Okay. That's really helpful to

spk_0 last one that I would love to touch on is strangles. Tell us what that looks like and what the

spk_0 risks are. Yeah. So strangles comes from essentially the horses in their guttural pouch, get a horrible

spk_0 bacterial infection, literally to the point that it strangulates them, which is where the word

spk_0 strangles comes from. These guys usually present a little bit differently. They do become quite

spk_0 fee-brile. They can have nasal discharge, but they tend to get a large lump, like up underneath

spk_0 their jaw, which is in the guttural pouch. And this is highly, highly contagious. I spend a lot of

spk_0 time consulting farms on how to quarantine separate horses. It is spread everywhere through water

spk_0 buckets, through any type of foamy pitchforks, ourselves. I mean, it is, you track it on your shoes. It

spk_0 is very, very hard to get rid of. There also can be latent carriers, so there can be horses that are

spk_0 spreading strangles, but not symptomatic. And it can be very difficult to diagnose them and

spk_0 find them and treat them. They're not carrying it anymore. This is a disease day. I try to stay far,

spk_0 far away from it is economically damaging. It is horrible. It's a horrible disease state to watch

spk_0 horses have to go through. It is not a fun one of all of them. That one, that one in herpes really

spk_0 kind of scare me the most. Yeah. That sounds horrible. Is there a vaccine for it? And once a horse has

spk_0 it, how is it treated? And is that treatment highly effective? Yeah. So there are two vaccines out

spk_0 there. There's one that is given intranasal, which has a little bit of a higher efficacy than the one

spk_0 that is given I am. The one that's used I am is often used in brood mares. So it can pass on

spk_0 maternal antibodies to the full, because giving intranasal is going to be very specific. It's a

spk_0 modified live vaccine. It's not going to go systemic, right? It's just going to go in the nasal

spk_0 passage. So those are two vaccines. They're not as efficacious as something like a equine influenza

spk_0 or equine herpes. And some veterinarians choose not to give them just because they can sometimes have

spk_0 side effects that are undesirable. The good news is that a horse that does have strangles, they

spk_0 typically once they recover, they're often treated with separate of care sometimes with antibiotics.

spk_0 And once they do recover, they typically have pretty high titers for quite some time and protected

spk_0 that way. If they've had strangles in the past, it's advised to test their tighter level because

spk_0 we don't want to vaccinate them if their titers are too high. If you can cause some serious side

spk_0 effects. Okay. And for the EHB and equine influenza, you are vaccinating most horses every six

spk_0 months. What's the cadence for the strangles vaccine if a horse is getting it or the intranasal

spk_0 vaccine? Yeah. So it's labeled for once a year. Horses that are at very high risk sometimes will

spk_0 get it twice a year, but it is labeled for once a year. Okay. Great. And now tell us how as horse

spk_0 owners, especially horse owners who are going to shows or aren't totally isolated from being around

spk_0 other horses, what are the things that we can do preventatively to do our part and avoid a spread

spk_0 or help our horse not get sick? Yeah. I could go on for hours about this. So get ready.

spk_0 I'm ready. One of the best things you can do is just take your horse's temperature,

spk_0 understand what the baseline is before you put that horse on the trailer. And if it's elevated,

spk_0 please do not put that horse on the trailer. So again, anything above 101.5 would be considered

spk_0 febrile and a horse at horse show competitions or when you're on the road, it's recommended to take

spk_0 a temperature twice a day. I know that seems like a lot. Even if you can take it once a day,

spk_0 I would be absolutely thrilled. But knowing what the baseline is before you leave would absolutely

spk_0 help. Just a friendly reminder to not take it right after you ride because it would be elevated.

spk_0 Other things that we can do, I mean, the list goes on and on, right? I always see people at the

spk_0 horse shows using a water hose and dunking the end of the hose into the bucket and filling up the

spk_0 bucket and then going to the next one and dunking it down into the bucket. Water actually can hold

spk_0 a lot of these viruses and diseases. So something as simple as not dunking the end of the water hose

spk_0 into the bucket when you go to fill them up is a big preventative care. My other pet peeve is at the

spk_0 horse show and everyone's got their rags and their wipe in their phases before they go into the ring

spk_0 and you're up there and you're like, oh my gosh, I forgot my rag and you grab someone else's.

spk_0 Well, you're just wiped that entire horse's nasal area and any type of output that might be coming out.

spk_0 Please try to carry your own rags for the horses. The things as simple as not some sharing

spk_0 equipment, these things can live on foamites. Foamite is an inanimate object like a pitch fork or

spk_0 you and me. These viruses can live on these these objects for a long period of time. So when you come

spk_0 to that that competition or your off-grounds trying to take your own equipment from your own tack,

spk_0 anything that belongs to your horse should stay with your horse and not be borrowed or used by

spk_0 other people. Even something as simple as not touching every horse at the horse show, which is

spk_0 really hard for people to do. They want to go up and feed treats or give them a pat on the neck or

spk_0 you know say hello to your friend's horse but if you can help yourself from not doing that quite as

spk_0 much or at least washing your hands in between handling the horses is helpful. Not letting the horses

spk_0 become nose to nose is another obvious one. It seems very simple. It's very cute to let them

spk_0 meet each other and you know maybe nicker each other but that is that's a big one. Again,

spk_0 prior to going to horse shows, vaccinating, we do recommend vaccinating at least two weeks before

spk_0 traveling so that those antibodies can be built up on the horses system. When you do transport,

spk_0 it can lower their immune system so it wouldn't be advised to vaccinate and then put the horse on

spk_0 the trailer the next day. You know I'm trying to do other preventative care things such as you

spk_0 know just making sure you have a negative cogins. Leave the property that is required to cross

spk_0 any state lines but also highly recommended if you were leaving your own property at any time.

spk_0 I mean I just feel like this list could go on and on and on, right? It's a lot of COVID common

spk_0 sensing, right? Trying to not touch everything, trying to disinfect your hands, wash your hands,

spk_0 being aware if your horse is febrile, to please let somebody know. I think that is a hot topic.

spk_0 People are scared to share that their horse might have a fever. They're either embarrassed or

spk_0 they're not sure or they're worried they're going to get kicked out of a competition. You have to

spk_0 realize it's just a horse show, right? Like let's put everyone else's horses lives as a priority and

spk_0 let's inform the horse show vet or the show manager or your trainer, whoever is there so that the

spk_0 right measures can be taken. It's nothing to be embarrassed about. It's nothing you've done wrong. It

spk_0 just just like when you send your kids to school, sometimes they get the flu and it happens and

spk_0 there's no one to blame but if you don't do something about it then you are to blame.

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spk_0 her husband Justin Long, the show answers real questions from horse owners about everything from

spk_0 collic and lameness to nutrition and behavior. With expert knowledge, plain English explanations

spk_0 and a touch of humor they make even the toughest topics easy to understand. If you love horses and

spk_0 want to keep them healthy and happy, this is the podcast for you. Find it wherever you listen to

spk_0 podcasts. Now back to your show. When you mentioned pitchforks, it made me think of the stabling

spk_0 that horses revolving door of horses that goes into a stall on a horse show grounds. If they're

spk_0 hosting a lot of different events, so when you arrive at a show and you get to your stall, is there

spk_0 anything? I mean, I always just put down some shavings and hung up the buckets. Is there anything

spk_0 you should be looking for or doing kind of more proactively than that? Yeah, I think a lot of the

spk_0 horses have gotten better about disinfecting the stalls in between. But if that is not something

spk_0 that's happening or if you're unsure, it never hurts to go in that stall. I always go in and check

spk_0 for nails as well because people hang things up in stalls and it makes me nervous. But I always do

spk_0 a go over with stalls and I have a spray bottle of some diluted bleach or any type of

spk_0 any type of disinfectant. There's definitely animal safe type disinfectants that can be used,

spk_0 but it never hurts to spray it down. The other thing is just giving it a little bit of time. So if

spk_0 that horse comes straight out and then you put the next horse straight in, it doesn't, it's amazing

spk_0 how much UV light and air can actually help kill viruses, right? So even just giving it a little

spk_0 break and a little bit of time can be somewhat helpful. But yes, we do recommend disinfecting the stall

spk_0 prior to going into it if the horse shows not doing it already. Okay. And you have been

spk_0 to so many horse shows as the horse show vet and as a competitor, tell us what it looks like when

spk_0 the symptoms show up in a horse and you hear about probably a horse with a fever, what starts going

spk_0 on behind the scenes. And you said actually you fell with an outbreak, right? Tell us about that.

spk_0 Yeah, so I actually dealt with an influenza outbreak, kind of crazy story. All the horses were

spk_0 properly vaccinated. Again, no one did anything wrong, but just like the flu in humans, it can change

spk_0 a little bit, right? And the horses somehow developed influenza. So what goes on behind the scenes

spk_0 is as a horse show vet, I get called that there's a horse with a fever and my stomach drops because

spk_0 praying that it's not, you know, herpes are strangles. And you know, at that point, there's no test

spk_0 to know exactly what's going on, right? So what happens is immediately that horse gets quarantined

spk_0 into, mid-all the horse shows, there's always a quarantine location that has to be determined

spk_0 prior to the horse show starting. So you might not realize it, but behind the scenes, there's already

spk_0 a protocol in place for where that horse would go or what this would look like. A horse goes into

spk_0 quarantine, it's usually a barn that's not connected to the other barns, you know, basic workup is

spk_0 performed heart rate temperature, but we consider a TPR. And then if we suspect being respiratory

spk_0 or infectious, we would start doing more, more diagnostic testing, which typically looks like a

spk_0 nasal PCR, which is a swab, and which we would send it to a lab, then to run a PCR on it. If it's

spk_0 something gastrointestinal like salmonella, we would take a feces sample and also send that to a lab.

spk_0 And then unfortunately, it can take 24 to 48 hours, right? We have to overnight these

spk_0 to labs. When I worked in Ohio, we actually had someone drive samples down to Lexington so that it

spk_0 could get same day results. Wow. Literally a staff from the horse show, yeah, they run an

spk_0 amazing horse show there. They would literally jump in a car and drop two hours to take it down to

spk_0 Lexington so we could have same day results. If you could get it there by 11 o'clock, we could have

spk_0 results by about seven that night. And the biggest thing is a veterinarian is you don't realize how

spk_0 much people are going to start talking and speculating. And it's the same panic that went on during

spk_0 COVID, right? Just horse show style. People start talking, why is there a horse in quarantine? Or we

spk_0 heard a horse out of fever and then it just spreads like wildfire. And unfortunately, you don't have

spk_0 anything to tell them until the results come back. When they come back, there is some patient

spk_0 confidentiality, right? And so at that point, it's about notifying the horse show. It's about talking

spk_0 to the horse owner. I know at UCF, Sanctions, horse shows that veterinarians have the right to

spk_0 inform the horse show as well as notify UCF of a horse that has any type of infectious disease.

spk_0 It's something that people sign off on, believe it or not, at the horse shows that we can notify them.

spk_0 So that goes into place. And then at that point, once an infectious disease is identified, so we

spk_0 identified influenza and everyone goes into a panic. At that point, we started really making sure

spk_0 people were taking temperatures twice a day, isolating any horses that seemed a little bit off.

spk_0 There's this really handy stall side diagnostic tool called SA, it's serum amyloid A. It's a

spk_0 if acute phase protein that's released from the liver that will elevate times of infection. And so I

spk_0 was running those. They only take 10 minutes stall side. Again, it doesn't tell you, oh, this horse has

spk_0 a virus or its bacterial, but it will give you a good heads up. Like, if that value was above 50,

spk_0 we were putting those horses in a not clinical, but highly monitor type situation. That's how I

spk_0 manage most of it for people that wanted to, that were curious about the state of their horse. We

spk_0 would run these SAs and try to make decisions based on that. A lot of people packed up the

spk_0 one home, right? And a lot of those horses we ran SAs to make sure that, you know, we didn't want

spk_0 them traveling if it was elevated and they were at a higher risk of of having an infection. That's

spk_0 how I managed it, essentially, because the PCRs took so long, anyone that was above 50 or clinical

spk_0 would then get a PCR. And those horses were in quarantine for quite some time. And that's a whole

spk_0 another topic. If you want to get into what quarantine looks like, but that's essentially what happens

spk_0 when there's an outbreak. And I thought the horse show did a great job managing it. I had veterinarians

spk_0 and horse show managers calling me from all over the country because they're worried about

spk_0 exhibitors leaving this horse show and going to the next horse show and taking it with them. So

spk_0 I will say I spent probably half the time on the telephone talking to people, trying to keep

spk_0 everybody calm. The horses that are in quarantine talking to the horse owners because they weren't

spk_0 really in the barn with their horses, right? They were quarantined. They would come in at the end

spk_0 of the day sometime, right? Before they'd go home and shower, but they didn't get to see their

spk_0 horses like they did all day long. And so it was a lot of communication that I think is underestimated.

spk_0 Tell us more about what I do want to know what quarantine is like. And in that case, how long it

spk_0 lasts and how these horses get cared for and protected. Did at this particular horse show, I don't

spk_0 think they'll ever do again because the quarantine went on for about three or four weeks. And the

spk_0 horse show is generous enough to provide care and shavings and a lot of resources to the horse owners.

spk_0 And the policy since then has pretty much of the horse's fibrile or resuspect any type of

spk_0 infectious disease that they're to leave the property and either go back to their home farm or go

spk_0 to a hospital. But at that point, you know, it starts off by one or two and you put them in

spk_0 in a quarantine and then next thing, you know, the next day, there's four more of the fever and

spk_0 they end up in quarantine and no one wants to take their horse home and the horse show was so

spk_0 exceptionally nice that they kept them there. And we had a whole staff of people. They were in a

spk_0 completely different barn over a hundred yards away from the horse show. And you know, we had a group

spk_0 of people that were working just with the sick horses and cleaning stalls, feeding. The horses got

spk_0 hand walks three times a day within quarantine. Movement's really important so they don't develop

spk_0 secondary pneumonia. We had vet students from around the country volunteer to come and help.

spk_0 And so they would help me with running fluids and measuring antibiotics. There were there were

spk_0 a couple of horses that did have secondary pneumonia and they're hard to take care of. They require

spk_0 a lot of care. So we had almost like this little hospital set up within the horse show and it did

spk_0 cost the horse show quite a bit of money and quite a bit of time and they were very generous about

spk_0 it. But I think we all learned a lesson that the best thing is for these horses to go to a hospital

spk_0 where they have all the resources that they need, right? And that that's in the horse's best interest.

spk_0 That makes sense. And the three to four weeks duration, are you waiting for symptoms to be absent

spk_0 for a period of time or is three or four weeks the amount of time that a horse with influence that

spk_0 gets quarantined? Yeah, so we that was the amount of time that the quarantine went on. Some horses came

spk_0 in and then we're out, you know, within a week or two weeks. But then there were every day for a while,

spk_0 it kept like felt like horses more and more horses were brought into quarantine that were fee

spk_0 braille at the horse show. And so that was that that was kind of a duration of the quarantine

spk_0 in full. Some horses were there the entire time. Most of them were fee braille and had respiratory

spk_0 symptoms for a couple days. It took a while. We kept doing like some PCR testing, which is

spk_0 pretty expensive, kept coming back positive. So I started actually running those SAAs and when

spk_0 those would go below 50, then I would spend the money to run the PCR. That was something else I

spk_0 learned from the experience because the SAA is all side. It's a it's way less expensive than the PCR

spk_0 testing quicker. So we started running those to determine when to run the PCR and then we would

spk_0 release the horses once they were negative. Got it. Wow, that sounds like quite the ordeal. You

spk_0 mentioned use of and how use of kind of has policies around this is use of setting pretty strict

spk_0 protocols on what happens. Like you can just follow it by the book. So for example, like the

spk_0 horse show communications to the rest of the competitors. Is it very clear about when that happens

spk_0 and when it should not be happening? Like do you feel like you have kind of exactly what needs to

spk_0 happen laid out for you by a governing body? And and is there are there any bodies in addition to

spk_0 use F or how does that side of it work? Yeah. So I you know, I think that use F is a work in motion

spk_0 and I think a lot of things were learned from this outbreak because I communicated with them a lot.

spk_0 I think one of the smartest things that they have done is they've hired someone named Dr. Katie Flynn

spk_0 and all she does is biosecurity for use F. So she is the one who is in charge of she's kind of like

spk_0 the state vet. She actually was the state vet in Kentucky prior to doing this. So she has a lot

spk_0 of experience with quarantine. So when an infection infectious disease is a competition, a use

spk_0 of sanctioned competition, she gets notified and she is there to assist you to help make those

spk_0 types of decisions. So it's not necessarily written out in black and white like do this, do the

spk_0 hat because every situation is different, right? Like there's just so many variables that I don't

spk_0 think anyone could potentially spell it out. But now we have this amazing resource Dr. Flynn

spk_0 who will help walk us through these situations. She's so awesome to work with and I'm really excited

spk_0 that they brought her on. That's really cool. Yeah, she sounds like the perfect person and it's

spk_0 sounds just so helpful to have a designated guide for when this happens. What is typical in terms of

spk_0 communicating to everyone at the horseshoe? I know you mentioned like word can travel fast and I'm

spk_0 sure that word gets kind of you know isn't always 100% correct when people start talking about

spk_0 something like this. The reason that I ask is just as a competitor, you know, I'm curious

spk_0 when you should expect to hear that this is happening so that you can make the choice for yourself.

spk_0 Like do I stay or do I go? Yeah and that's you know there's a lot of different roles that are

spk_0 involved here. As a veterinarian, my primary role is to take care of that worse and communicate with

spk_0 the owner and communicate with Dr. Flynn of any type of infectious disease. From there on out,

spk_0 it's kind of between you, Seth and the horse show management to decide how they're going to really

spk_0 see information if they're going to release it, what type of platform they're going to release it.

spk_0 I was very very proud of this horse show. I pushed very hard for them to release this through the EDCC,

spk_0 even though influenza is not a reportable disease, they absolutely did not have to do this and they

spk_0 probably lost a lot of money because a lot of people stayed home and didn't come to the horseshoe

spk_0 for a while, but they absolutely did the right thing by informing not only the exhibitors at the

spk_0 horse show, but they also informed the public to make them aware. I mean, there were people that had

spk_0 left the week before, right? Even before we discovered the outbreak and went home and ended up

spk_0 that some of their horses got influenza, some of their the foals on the property got influenza.

spk_0 So I think they did absolutely did the right thing by the equine community by doing that.

spk_0 I don't think that there's any black and white like, okay, if there's an outbreak, you're going to

spk_0 absolutely hear 24 hours later. I think that has to be determined between the horse show management

spk_0 and use F and it relies on a lot of variables. How severe it is, how was that horse tested? Are we

spk_0 100% sure it's positive? Was it quarantined prior to becoming febrile? Therefore, before it really

spk_0 was contagious, there's a lot of factors in there and so it's going to be a case by case situation,

spk_0 but I do know that you, Seth, does have subnumer plans in place to make sure to inform the people

spk_0 that need to know that are at the horse show to help protect the welfare of the horse.

spk_0 And even though there's there are a lot of variables like how big is are the grounds at an event

spk_0 and how many horses are there and how close is everyone's stable. And so you can tell me this

spk_0 is in a fair question, but with you and your own horse or horses at a show, if you hear that there's

spk_0 influenza or strangles or each EHB happening on the grounds or potentially happening on the grounds,

spk_0 would you just get out of there? I would run an SAA on the horse because I don't want to transport

spk_0 that horse if it does have influenza or equine herpes or strangles. Transporting can really put them at

spk_0 risk of secondary pneumonia, so I would not want to put them on the trailer. So for me,

spk_0 I would test all of the horses, not necessarily a PCR and I would hold another topic, but I would

spk_0 run an SAA. That's what I would do or some basic blood work. Make sure that they

spk_0 be healthy for travel and then I would take them home and quarantine them. I love it. I'm taking

spk_0 like, furiously taking notes here. Okay, let's talk about quarantine in general. So for, are you a

spk_0 proponent of quarantining like any new horse that arrives at a barn? Are you proponent of

spk_0 quarantining any horse that arrives back to a barn from a horse show? What's kind of the ideal

spk_0 scenario there? Yes, and I realize this is extremely difficult in most farms. Most farms don't have

spk_0 a quarantine issue or a quarantine location that is truly a quarantine. It is absolutely recommended

spk_0 to try to quarantine these horses for two weeks. I own a barn, I understand how hard this is. So

spk_0 there's little things that I would do at my own farm, such as trying to keep the horses that come

spk_0 back from a horse show in kind of a grouped area using the same pitchfork manure buckets for those

spk_0 horses, right? Trying to segregate them, not letting them be turned out with the other horses.

spk_0 I realize it's not 100% or full proof, but I also know that reality and the resources that we

spk_0 all have to work with are sometimes limiting and we have to do the best we can. So there are small

spk_0 things that you can do, like not sharing tack, not sharing equipment, trying to keep those horses at

spk_0 least separated or segregated and whatever fashion you can do at your farm for two weeks and I do

spk_0 think that's extremely helpful. If you can't do that, going up and down the aisle and taking

spk_0 temperature twice a day, really, really important. A lot of these horses are not contagious until

spk_0 sometimes 12, 24 hours post the time that they start showing clinical signs, which includes a

spk_0 fever. So the minute that horse looks fever-yle, quarantine it, really get it out of there and that's

spk_0 one of the best things that you can do. So at the very minimum, we should be taking temperatures of

spk_0 the horses twice a day when they come back for two weeks. That's the first good news that I've heard

spk_0 is that generally they're not contagious until they have that fever. That's great.

spk_0 Not always, but there is a very small window in there and if you can catch it, you can sometimes

spk_0 really prevent some outbreaks. So yeah, we need to get, I mean, this I'm sure they're in the works and

spk_0 and you know about what's happening, but I just think about all the wearables that humans have to have

spk_0 the temp, you know, constantly being recorded and fed to us on our phone apps. That would be nice

spk_0 to not have to be, you know, taking temps twice a day of multiple horses for a lot of people.

spk_0 Well, right now they're working on putting it in the microchips. Oh, how cool! And they have them,

spk_0 but I think they're in the process of validating to making sure they're accurate. It's validation studies.

spk_0 Yeah. I would say to the public, I would expect to see that soon. Sooner than later, I think that's

spk_0 going to be a thing and I think they'll eventually, you know, might be five years down the road,

spk_0 but I think courses that are not microchips will be required to have microchips that do have a

spk_0 thermal reading on them so that eventually everyone can get on board and would that make it easier to

spk_0 take temperatures? Cool! That's awesome! I feel like we just got like a secret. Okay, we've talked a

spk_0 little bit about vaccinations and I want to make sure that I like ask the full question with you.

spk_0 So we talked about EHV influenza strangles happening once a year and those other two happening twice

spk_0 a year vaccinations that we should mention as we talk about equine bioscurity. Yeah, and I, you know,

spk_0 there's your vaccines are really split into two groups, right? You've got your core vaccines and

spk_0 those are five vaccines that every horse every spring should be getting. So Eastern, Western,

spk_0 Tetness, West Nile and rabies. Every single horse every year should get those every spring. And then

spk_0 you have your wrist base and a lot of those are based on geographical areas and exposure. So flu

spk_0 and herpes are actually wrist base, believe it or not, even though they should be, you know,

spk_0 given every six months. Then you've got strangles, you've got Potomac Horse Fever, you've got

spk_0 Fodillism, trying to think what else is in that group lepto. There's quite a few other wrist-based

spk_0 vaccines that you should talk to your veterinarian about and what is appropriate for your horse,

spk_0 again, based on geographical area and typically how often they're co-mingling or traveling with other

spk_0 horses. But really when it comes to biosecurity, flu and herpes are really your standard

spk_0 every horse that's traveling really needs to have it every six months. The influenza and herpes,

spk_0 herpes particularly is not a very stable antigen. Doesn't work for a very long time. So every six

spk_0 months is definitely recommended compared to annually if they're out co-mingling with other horses.

spk_0 And do most shows require herpes in influenza or is that because it's risk-based,

spk_0 is that just by choice for most places? So anything that is under use F, which is most of your

spk_0 English bodies, dressage, eventing, saddlebreds, they all require proof of vaccine within the last six

spk_0 months of herpes. Anything FII is even stricter. It is every six months, but they're really,

spk_0 really strict. Like an FII-approved vet has to give the vaccine and sign it in their passport and

spk_0 they get their temperature checks multiple times a day. It's very strict.

spk_0 Covering bodies, I know like on the racetrack they're requiring flu rhino now, which wasn't

spk_0 always required in the past. Some of the other governing bodies as far as you know,

spk_0 western pleasure are also requiring it, but not every single one. So you really have to check

spk_0 with your organization or who you're competing with or a location that you're going to to really

spk_0 understand what the requirements are. Okay, good to know. And just kind of, I just looked at

spk_0 the clock again, believe we're already toward the end here, but to kind of start closing out,

spk_0 are there any big misconceptions that writers have about biosecurity that you could help us clear

spk_0 up? I don't know about misconceptions, but I think it's something that everyone thinks it's not

spk_0 going to happen to them. And it's something that I think gets, it's a boring topic. It's not super

spk_0 exciting, right? It's something that kind of gets overlooked. And I do think COVID helped bring

spk_0 it to life and bring it, make it a little bit real for us in the equine community, but I think

spk_0 that's the biggest thing is that people just maybe don't always take it seriously or take the time

spk_0 to really think about it and what it potentially could mean to their animal. And you know, that's

spk_0 that's all that I ask is that people have a little bit more awareness, you know, when you're out there

spk_0 mingling with other animals, just trying to keep your horse safe because whether you're showing

spk_0 or trail riding, even something like equine influenza that doesn't have a high mortality,

spk_0 could put your horse out for weeks, for weeks and weeks potentially and have lasting effects.

spk_0 So these are serious diseases and we need to do the best that we can to protect our own horses

spk_0 and protect everyone else's horses. Totally. And to be honest, like I don't find this boring at all

spk_0 because so much of what you have taught us tonight are things that just weren't in my mind. Like

spk_0 when you talk about not letting the horses go nose to nose or ducking the water hose, it's things

spk_0 that you walk around a horse show and you're cringing. But those of us who are doing it, which were so

spk_0 unaware and it's really nice to just be a little bit better each day and you're helping us be

spk_0 better by bringing these things to light and helping us be thoughtful about them. So I have to say,

spk_0 I don't think I don't think it's boring and I'm learning a lot. So thank you for that. And you

spk_0 mentioned a couple of things that are kind of positive evolutions in this area. So you mentioned

spk_0 like COVID kind of helps people understand risks and prevention and everything that COVID has

spk_0 made us aware of. You mentioned these microchips that could have temperature reading, which is

spk_0 really cool. Is there anything else that's kind of that's kind of part of a positive shift in this

spk_0 realm? Either either technology like the microchips that are in the near future or just people's

spk_0 shifts in attitudes and behaviors that you've seen. Honestly, those microchips, I would love

spk_0 if that records could get put in them in vaccine records. I always imagine like, wow,

spk_0 making your dog to the groomer and they could just scan it and see that the dog was vaccinated

spk_0 and same thing with the horse. When that be awesome, I know it would be awesome for me too.

spk_0 They asked me like, what I want my history is I'm like, I'm not sure. I like that idea.

spk_0 Amazing. I know people have been trying to do it and working on it, but I hope that that type of

spk_0 technology does continue to evolve and that we get that in the future because I think it's only

spk_0 going to better the welfare of our horses. And then what else did you ask? Is there anything else that's

spk_0 new? Just yeah, anything positive on the horizon. I know that Dr. Flynn is probably a positive shift

spk_0 to at UCF. So it sounds like there's just good things happening, like things are moving in the

spk_0 right direction. Yeah, I just think there's a lot more awareness around the topic and I think

spk_0 a lot of the governing bodies are taking it more seriously. They're cracking down more on actually

spk_0 checking that records. I can't tell you my horse shows I've gone to and no one's ever asked me for

spk_0 a proof of vaccines, right? Maybe because I'm a vet. So they don't ask, but you know, even though it's

spk_0 required, they don't have the manpower to necessarily ask every horse owner to provide that. And so

spk_0 it gets skipped over often. And I know even UCF is starting to put into their system

spk_0 caugins and vaccine records into like their horse showing system, which is a positive thing.

spk_0 I think since COVID, especially there's just a lot more awareness around biosecurity. I think

spk_0 people are taking it seriously. I think the media has created a platform where we're now more aware

spk_0 of these outbreaks, you know, 20 years ago, there'd be an outbreak in Europe and no one really

spk_0 heard about it, right? But now with social media, I'm people talking about it and it being

spk_0 reportable. I think there's just more, more awareness out there, which is great, right? That's

spk_0 great. And everyone who's listening to this is more aware too. The last thing I want to ask you

spk_0 is not biosecurity specific, but I can tell that you are obviously a horse lover, but also just

spk_0 a learner. And right IQ members are that way too. I love how much they want to learn and their

spk_0 curiosity. And so I'm wondering, is there anything that you recommend, whether it's a book or a

spk_0 podcast or an article that as a horse person, you just would like to pass on to others?

spk_0 Yeah, I mean, I will say the company who work for Zoladas, they do a ton of horse owner

spk_0 research or resources. So I'm not trying to sit here and promote my company. I just think it's

spk_0 amazing. The amount of resources that they have. So you can go on there. They have, you know,

spk_0 little surveys like, should I do where my horse? And you answer all these questions and then it'll

spk_0 help guide you in the right direction. There are so many resources. It's unbelievable. I, as a

spk_0 veterinarian, still love the magazine, the horse. I don't know if you read that. It's kind of more

spk_0 medically focused. And it's in layman's terms, which sometimes even is a vet I want to read about.

spk_0 And that's one of my favorite resources trying to think, I mean, there's just, there's so much

spk_0 out there, even on TikTok and YouTube, there's a lot of good information out there. Just make

spk_0 sure to double check and see where it's all coming from. Yeah, totally. I love it. Well, you have

spk_0 been such an amazing guest. Thank you for taking the time. If people want to learn more from you or

spk_0 follow you, are you online? Are there places that they can follow you or contact you?

spk_0 There's, I mean, they can absolutely contact me. If you just search my name on the internet,

spk_0 you're going to find me, whether it's through Zouette's or my own vet clinic, they absolutely can

spk_0 email me, ask any questions they have. I'm not a ton on social media. I have a dog named Bad Boy

spk_0 Brady and he has an account. Oh, I mean, through there. Okay. I've just have never been like a huge

spk_0 social media person. But I do have Facebook. So you can, you can look me up. It's just not my

spk_0 like, I don't have time to do it. I was going to say you told us at the beginning, you're running

spk_0 a barn showing, running a clinic, are we understand? Yeah, but absolutely. Oh, yeah. And if you want to

spk_0 share my email, you're more of a welcome to. It's no problem. Okay. Wonderful. Well, this has been

spk_0 such a treat. Thank you so much, Dr. Helbig for teaching us all about Equine Biosocurity

spk_0 and making us better horse people. Oh, well, thank you so much for having me. Have a good night,

spk_0 everybody.

Equine Biosecurity: What Every Owner Should Know

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